OCCURRENCE OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE IN POULTRY FARM ENVIRONMENT.

SOURCE:

Faculty: Biosences
Department: Applied Microbiology And Brewing

CONTRIBUTORS:

Mbah, M.I;
Anyanene, C.O;

ABSTRACT:

The occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in chickens, chickens’ environment and chicken rearers in Jalingo, North-East Nigeria was studied. Six hundred and nineteen samples were collected from chickens, chicken rearers and chickens’ environment. Samples from the chickens’ environment comprised of swab samples of the floors and walls of the poultry farms, swab samples from drinkers and feeders in the farm, samples of the feed and the chickens’ drinking water. The samples from the chickens include cloacae swabs from brown layers, black layers, broilers < 7 weeks old, broilers > 7 weeks old, 3 weeks old white cockerels and 2 days old white cockerels. The chicken farmers’ samples include urine and stool. Three hundred and ninety seven isolates comprising of 365 E. coli, 20 K. pneumoniae and 12 K. oxytoca were used for this study. The 397 isolates were screened for beta-lactamase production using acidimetric method. The β lactamase producing isolates were further confirmed for ESBL production using the double disk synergy test (DDST). The plasmid size(s) of the ESBL positive isolates were determined by plasmid profiling. Also, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and finally, the isolates were subjected to 0.1ng/ml of acridine orange to cure the resistant plasmids. The results obtained are as follows: the occurrence rates of E. coli,K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca in this study were 91.9 %, 5.0% and 3.1% respectively. The occurrence rate of β lactamase producers obtained was 49.9% and they include 46.9% E. coli, 2.27% K. pneumoniae and 0.75% K. oxytoca. The highest frequency of occurrence (8.1%) of β lactamase producing isolates was obtained from farm IV while the lowest (4.5%) was obtained from farm VI (P<0.05). The frequencies of occurrence of β lactamase producing E. coli, K. pneumoinae and K. Oxytoca from layers’ farms were 22.69%, 1.28% and 0% respectively (P<0.05). The occurrence rates(42.5%,0.97% and 0.97%) of E. coli, K. pneumoinae and K. Oxytoca respectively obtained from cockerels’ farms was significant. From broilers’ farms, the frequencies of occurrence of E. coli, K. pneumoinae and K. oxytoca were 38.6%, 4.4% and 1.4% respectively (P >0.05 ). The occurrence rate of ESBL producers obtained was 23.4% The frequency of occurrence of ESBL producing E.coli from broilers’, layers’ and cockerels’ farms were 11.8%, 6.3% and 4.8% respectively (P >0.05) while those of K.pneumoniae were respectively 0.25%, 0.25% and 0% (P >0.05). The highest frequency of occrrence (4.8%) of ESBL producers was obtained from farm V while the lowest (2.0%) was from farm VII (P<0.05). Antibiotic susceptibility carried on the ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae revealed 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. ESBL producing E. coli isolates were 47.2%, 70.3%, 2.2%, 25.3% and 60.4% resistant to chloramphenicol, nitrofutantoin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline respectively against 0%, 100%, 0%, 0% and 100% respectively observed in K. pneumoniae. It was also demonstrated that these ESBL producers harbour heavy molecular weight plasmids which conferred them resistance to third generation cephalosporin and also resistance to some other antibiotics.