SOURCE:

Faculty: Biosences
Department: Zoology

CONTRIBUTORS:

Kamalu, C.B.G;
Egwui, P.C;

ABSTRACT:

The effect of replacement to fishmeal with mixed chicken entrails and blood meal (CEBM) in the feed of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings on growth, production performance and food utilization were evaluated for the period of 56 days. The experimental diets contained mixed chicken entrails and blood meal at level of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of the total dietary protein respectively. A total of 120 fingerlings of homogenous sizes were introduced into 12 tanks of 100 litres volume, each randomly assigned to the four diets. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 10 fingerlings in each tank. The following indices of growth performance monitored showed that CEBM(o%)(112.60±4.85g), which is control diet had the highest mean weight gain, CEBM(5%)(109.00±2.80g), CEBM(10%)(76.13±6.19g) while the least was recorded with group fed with CEBM(15%)(60.44±1.65g). Percentage weight gain was highest with CEBM(0%)(383.19±18.41g) followed by the group fed with CEBM(5%)(373.71±9.24g), CEBM(10%) (260.27±21.98g) while the least value was recorded by the group fed with CEBM(15%)(257.32±18.15g). The specific growth rate of CEBM(0%)(1.22±0.03g), CEBM(5%)(1.21±0.01g) while the least values were recorded by the groups fed with CEBM10%(0.99±0.05g) and CEBM(15%)(0.90±0.04g). Best food conversion ratio was recorded CEBM(0%)(1.39±0.03g) followed by CEBM(5%)(1.42±0.02g) while the poorest was recorded with CEBM(15%)(1.75±0.12g). The best protein efficiency ratio was observed in highest growth dietary treatments CEBM(0%)(1.64±0.04g) while the poorest was recorded with CEBM(15%)(2.73±0.05g) and their values being significant difference (p≤0.05) between fish fed with control diet and other groups, but there was growth in all treatments with mixed chicken entrails and blood meal. This was an indicator that the diets met the nutritional requirement of the fish to promote growth and tissue development. The separate proximate Analysis of the chicken entrails blood meal revealed that Chicken entrails has moisture (18.00%), Fats(37.00%), crude protein(28.00%), crude fibre(13.70%), carbohydrate(11.00%), calorific value(489.00kcal/g) and Blood has moisture(20.00%), Ash(8.00%), Fats(12.00%), crude protein(30.00%), crude fiber(8.60%), carbohydrate(30.00%), Calorific value (348.00kcal/g). The result proximate composition of the formulated diets used for the growth trial had Moisture(10.00%), the diet with CEBM(0%) has the highest crude protein(43.80%), followed by CEBM(5%)(33.30%), the least crude protein was in the CEBM(15%)(21.00%), Crude Fiber CEBM(0%)(38.50), CEBM(5%)(29.00%), CEBM(10%)(33.00%), CEBM(15%)(23.70%), Fats CEBM(O%)(19.00%), CEBM(5%)(25.00%), CEBM(10)(31.00), CEBM(15%)(43.00%), Ash CEBM(0%)(4.00), CEBM(5%)(8.00%), CEBM(10%)(3.60%), CEBM(15%)(12.00%), Carbohydrate CEBM(0%)(23.20), CEBM(5%)(23.70%), CEBM(10%)(30.90) CEBM(15)(14.00%) and Calorific value CEBM(0%)(439.00Kcal/g) CEBM(5%)(453.00Kcal/g), CEBM(10%)(501.00Kcal/g and CEBM(15%)(527.00Kcal/g). Mineral elements in chicken entrails and blood meal analyzed showed that Sodium(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.010), Blood(0.016), Zinc(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.031), blood(0.22), Selenium(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.125), blood(0.128), Iron(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.001), blood(0.001), Potassium(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.048), blood(0.032), Copper(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.001), blood(0.001), Chromium(ppm) Chicken entrails(0.007), blood(0.001) and Phosphate(Mg/l) Chicken entrails(0.653), blood(2.339) and when compared with recommended FAO/WHO standard showed that chicken entrails blood meal can be used for fish feed formulation or for animal feed. The water quality parameters had the mean values pH 7.50±0.17, Dissolved oxygen 6.23±0.11Mg/l and Temperature 25.75±0.16°C. Their values are within the acceptable range for fish culture in the tropic. Therefore the present study revealed that combined chicken entrails and chicken blood meal can be used as replacement of the fishmeal at the level of 5% inclusion.