SURFACE THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HIV AND BLOOD CELLS IN HERBAL EXTRACT MEDIA

SOURCE:

Faculty: Engineering
Department: Mechanical Engineering

CONTRIBUTORS:

Mbabuike, I.U.
Achebe, C. H.

ABSTRACT:

ABSTRACT

The application of the concept of surface thermodynamics in relation to spectrophotometry of the interaction between HIV and blood cells treated with antiviral herbal extracts has been carried out in this work. This aimed at the determination of the effectiveness of the herbal additives or drugs, in comparison to known synthetic antiretroviral drugs. The methodology involved the laboratory extraction of the herbal extracts of: Garcinia kola (D1), Azaradichta indica (D2), Mangifera indica, their characterization and Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) tests; the serial dilution of the five antiviral drugs [D1, D2, D3 (a combination of D1, D2 and Mangifera indica), Efavirenz (D4) and D5 (a combination of D4, Lamivudine and Tenovofir)], and the subsequent inoculation and incubation of the blood samples collated. A digital Cytoflowmeter and Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer were utilized in measuring viral load and absorbance values respectively. The Hamaker coefficient method as a surface thermodynamic tool, in modelling the interactions between biological particles and the Lifshiftz derivation for the van der Waals’ forces of attraction and repulsion were used. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula were derived from the absorbance data, while the Microsoft Excel software tools (2018 updated version) was used in the mathematical simulation of the very large body of data obtained from experiments and a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done to validate results. The Hamaker constants A11 (for uninfected lymphocyte), A22 (for infected lymphocyte) and A33 (for both infected and uninfected serum with the drugs) and, the combined Hamaker coefficients A132 and A131 of the various drugs interacted with the blood samples were obtained as functions of the dielectric constants in conjunction with the Lifshiftz equation. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficients, A131abs obtained for each of the five antiviral drugs interacting with uninfected blood sample components were: D1 = 0.1349 10-21Joules, D2 = 0.1234 10-21Joules, D3 = 0.1333 10-21Joules, D4 = 0.144 10-21Joules, D5 = 0.1442 10-21Joules. Similarly, the absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficients, A132abs obtained for each of the five antiviral drugs interacting with infected lymphocyte and serum blood components were: D1 = - 0.0031 10-21Joules, D2 = 0.0055 10-21Joules, D3 = 0.0074 10-21Joules, D4 = 0.0081 10-21Joules, D5 = 0.0134 10-21Joules. The positive signs of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficients of the uninfected blood samples inoculated with the antiviral drugs (A131abs.) imply net positive van der Waal’s forces indicating attraction between the lymphocyte and the antiviral drugs. On the other hand, the negative values of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient (A132abs.) for D1 suggests complete drug coating of the lymphocyte by Gacinia kola. The obtained results are a measure of the efficacy of the studied antiviral drugs. This is of interest and could serve as a vital tool in antiviral drug design, manufacture and drug administration.